NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science 2019: NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Science (Chemistry) Chapter 3 - Metals and
Non-metals solved by toppers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines.
(i) is a liquid at room temperature.
Solution: Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
(ii) can be easily cut with a knife.
Solution: Sodium is a metal that can be cut with a knife.
(iii) is the best conductor of heat.
Solution: Silver metal is the best conductor of heat.
(iv) is a poor conductor of heat.
Solution: Mercury and Lead is poor conductor of heat.
Ques 2.Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile.
Solution:
Malleable :Those substances that can be beaten into thin sheets are called malleable.
For example, most of the metals are malleable.
Ductile: Those substances that can be drawn into thin wires are called ductile.
For example, most of the metals are ductile.
Ques 1. Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
Solution: As it is an established fact that Sodium is a very high reactive element. If it is kept in open atmosphere then it can explosively react with oxygen to catch fire. Hence to prevent this accidental damage sodium is immersed in kerosene oil.
Ques 2. Write equations for the reactions of
(i) iron with steam
(ii) calcium and potassium with water
Solution: The required equations are:
(i) 3Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) → Fe3O4 (aq) + 4H2 (g)
(ii) Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)+ H2 (g) + Heat
2K (s) + 2H2O (l) → 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + Heat
Ques 3. Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solution one by one. The results obtained have been tabulated in the book.
Use the Table above to answer the following questions about metals A, B, C and D.
(i) Which is the most reactive metal?
(ii) What would you observe if B is added to a solution of copper (II) sulphate?
(iii) Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in the order of decreasing reactivity.
Solution:
What we can know from the given data is that:
A + FeSO3 — No reaction. i.e., A is less reactive than iron
A + CuSO4 — Displacement. ie., A is more reactive than copper
B + FeSO4 — Displacement, ie., B is more reactive than iron
B + ZnSO4 — No reaction, ie., B is less reactive than zinc
C + FeSO4 — No reaction. ie., C is less reactive than iron
C + CuSO4 — No reaction, ie., C is less reactive than copper
C + ZnSO, — No reaction. ie., C is less reactive than zinc
C + AgNO3 — Displacement, i.e., C is more reactive than silver
D+ FeSO4/CuSO4/2nSO4/AgNO3 — No reaction. ie D is less reactive man iron, copper, zinc. and silver
Now, the required answers are:
(i) B is most reactive metal of all.
(ii) B will displace copper from copper sulphate.
(iii) B>A>C>D is the required order of decreasing reactivity.
Ques 4. Which gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal? Write the chemical reaction when iron reacts with dilute H2SO4.
Solution: Hydrogen gas is evolved when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to any reactive metal.
When iron reacts with dilute H2SO4, iron (II) sulphate with the evolution of hydrogen gas is formed.
It's equation is: Fe (s) H2SO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (aq) H2 (g)
Ques 5. What would you observe when zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate? Write the chemical reaction that takes place.
Solution: When the zinc is added to iron (II) sulphate ,then, it will displace the iron from iron sulphate solution.
This is shown in the chemical reaction below:
Zn (s) FeSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) Fe (s)
(ii) Show the formation of Na2O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
(iii) What are the ions present in these compounds?
Solution: (i) The representation of elements with valence electrons as dots around the elements is referred to as electron-dot structure for elements.
(iii) The ions present in compound Na2O are Na and O2- ions and in compound MgO are Mg2 and O2- ions.
Ques 2. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Solution: Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between their ions. As a result of which, it requires a lot of energy to overcome these forces. Hence, the ionic compounds have high melting points.
Ques 1. Define the following terms.
(i) Mineral (ii) Ore (iii) Gangue
Solution:
(i) Mineral: The naturally occurring compounds of elements are known as Mineral.
(ii) Ore: Minerals from which metals can be extracted profitably are known as ores.
(iii) Gangue: The impurities present in the ore such as sand, rocks etc are known as gangue.
Ques 2. Name two metals which are found in nature in the free state.
Solution: The metals at the bottom of the reactivity series are mostly found in free state.
For example: gold, silver.
Ques 3. What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide?
Solution: The chemical process used for obtaining a metal from its oxide is known as reduction. In this process, the metal oxides are reduced by using suitable reducing agents like carbon or by highly reactive metals to displace the metals from their oxides.
Ques 1. Metallic oxides of zinc, magnesium and copper were heated with the following metals(as in book).
In which cases will you find displacement reactions taking place?
Solution:
Ques 2. Which metals do not corrode easily?
Solution: As we know that more reactive a metal is, more likely it is to be corroded. Therefore, less reactive metals are less likely to get corroded. This is why gold plating provides high resistance to corrosion.
Ques 3. What are alloys?
Solution: Alloys are the homogeneous mixtures of two or more elements. These elements could be either two metals, or a metal and a non-metal.
Formation of an alloy:
An alloy is formed by first melting the metal and then dissolving the other elements in it.
example: steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
(a) NaCl solution and copper metal
(b) MgCl2solution and aluminium metal
(c) FeSO4solution and silver metal
(d) AgNO3solution and copper metal.
Solution: (d) AgNO3solution and copper metal will give displacement reactions.
Ques 2. Which of the following methods is suitable for preventing an iron frying pan from rusting?
(a) Applying grease
(b) Applying paint
(c) Applying a coating of zinc
(d) all of the above.
Solution: (c) Applying a coating of zinc will prevent an iron frying pan from rusting.
Ques 3. An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be
(a) calcium
(b) carbon
(c) silicon
(d) iron
Solution: The answer is (a) calcium
Ques 4. Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because
(a) zinc is costlier than tin.
(b) zinc has a higher melting point than tin.
(c) zinc is more reactive than tin.
(d) zinc is less reactive than tin.
Solution: The answer is (c) zinc is more reactive than tin.
Ques 5. You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch.
(a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals?
(b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-metals.
Solution:
(a) With the hammer, we can beat the sample and if it can be beaten into thin sheets (that is, it is malleable), then it is a metal otherwise a non-metal. Similarly, we can use the battery, bulb, wires, and a switch to set up a circuit with the sample. If the sample conducts electricity, then it is a metal otherwise a non-metal.
(b) The above tests are useful in distinguishing between metals and non-metals as these are based only on the physical properties of metals and non-metals. Here, no chemical reactions are used in these tests.
Ques 6. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides.
Solution: Those oxides that behave as both acidic and basic oxides are called amphoteric oxides.
Examples are: zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
Ques 7. Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids, and two metals which will not.
Solution: As we know that metals that are more reactive than hydrogen displace it from dilute acids. For example: sodium and potassium. Metals that are less reactive than hydrogen do not displace it. For example: copper and silver will displace hydrogen.
Solution: In the electrolytic refining of a metal M:
Anode → Impure metal M
Cathode → Thin strip of pure metal M
Electrolyte → Solution of salt of the metal M
Ques 9. Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube over it.
(a) What will be the action of gas on
(i) dry litmus paper?
(ii) moist litmus paper?
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place.
Solution: (a) (i) There will be no action on dry litmus paper.
(ii) The colour of litmus paper will turn red because sulphur is a non-metal and the oxides of non-metal are acidic in nature.
(b)
S +O2 -> SO2
SO2+H2O->H2SO3
Ques 10. State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
Solution: Two ways to prevent the rusting of iron are as follows:
Ques 11. What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen?
Solution: When non-metals are combined with oxygen then neutral or acidic oxides are formed in final result.
Examples of acidic oxides are NO2, SO2 and examples of neutral oxides are NO, CO etc.
Ques 12. Give reasons
(a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
(b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
(c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils for cooking.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction.
Solution: (a) Platinum, gold, and silver are used to make jewellery because they are very lustrous. Also, they are very less reactive and do not corrode easily.
(b) Sodium, potassium, and lithium are very reactive metals and react very vigorously with air as well as water.Hence, they are kept immersed in kerosene oil in order to prevent their contact with air and moisture.
(c) Though aluminium is a highly reactive metal, it is resistant to corrosion. This is because aluminium reacts with oxygen present in air to form a thin layer of aluminium oxide. This oxide layer is very stable and prevents further reaction of aluminium with oxygen. Also, it is light in weight and a good conductor of heat. Hence, it is used to make cooking utensils.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction because metals can be easily extracted from their oxides rather than from their carbonates and sulphides.
Ques 13. You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels.
Solution: Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in air to form copper carbonate and as a result, copper vessel loses its shiny brown surface forming a green layer of copper carbonate. The citric acid present in the lemon or tamarind neutralises the basic copper carbonate and dissolves the layer. That is why, tarnished copper vessels are cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice to give the surface of the copper vessel its characteristic lustre.
Ques 14. Differentiate between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties.
Solution:
Chemical properties of metal:-
#Reaction with oxygen
Metals reacts with oxygen to form metal oxide.
#Reaction with water
When metal react with water it forms metal hydroxide or oxide.
#Reaction with dilute acid
Metals reacts with diluted acid to form metals salt and hydrogen gas.
#Reaction of metal with salt of other metal
When metal reacts with salt sol. of other less reactive metal it displaces it from salt sol. and separate it out.
#Reaction with hydrogen
Generally metals do not combines with hydrogen but fer more reactive metal like sodium , potassium , calcium and magnesium combines with hydrogen and forms metal hydride.
Chemical properties of non metals:-
#Reaction with oxygen
Non metals reacts with oxygen to form non metallic oxide.
#Reaction of non metal with water
There is no reaction b/w non metals and water.
#Reaction with dilute acide
There is non reaction b/w non metals and dilute acide.
#Reaction of non metal with other non metallic salt
During this reaction a more reactive non metal displaces less reactive non metal from its salt sol.
#Reaction of non metal with chlorine
Non metals reacts with chlorine to form non metallic chloride.
#Reaction with hydrogen
Non metal reacts with hydrogen to form non metallic hydrogen.
Ques 15. A man went door to door posing as a goldsmith. He promised to bring back the glitter of old and dull gold ornaments. An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to him which he dipped in a particular solution. The bangles sparkled like new but their weight was reduced drastically. The lady was upset but after a futile argument the man beat a hasty retreat. Can you play the detective to find out the nature of the solution he had used?
Solution: The solution he had used was Aqua regia. Aqua regia is Latin word which means ‘Royal Water’. It is the mixture of concentrated Hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid in the ratio of 3:1. It is capable of dissolving metals like Gold and Platinum. Since the outer layer of the gold bangles is dissolved in aqua regia so their weight was reduced drastically.
Ques 16. Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of iron).
Solution: Copper does not react with cold water, hot water, or steam. However, iron reacts with steam. If the hot water tanks are made of steel (an alloy of iron), then iron would react vigorously with the steam formed from hot water.
3Fe 4H2O → Fe3O4 H2O
Therefore, copper is used to make hot water tanks, and not steel.
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In Text questions NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
In Text questions NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science on Page No: 40
Ques 1. Give an example of a metal which(i) is a liquid at room temperature.
Solution: Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
(ii) can be easily cut with a knife.
Solution: Sodium is a metal that can be cut with a knife.
(iii) is the best conductor of heat.
Solution: Silver metal is the best conductor of heat.
(iv) is a poor conductor of heat.
Solution: Mercury and Lead is poor conductor of heat.
Ques 2.Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile.
Solution:
Malleable :Those substances that can be beaten into thin sheets are called malleable.
For example, most of the metals are malleable.
Ductile: Those substances that can be drawn into thin wires are called ductile.
For example, most of the metals are ductile.
In Text questions NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science on Page no: 46
Ques 1. Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
Solution: As it is an established fact that Sodium is a very high reactive element. If it is kept in open atmosphere then it can explosively react with oxygen to catch fire. Hence to prevent this accidental damage sodium is immersed in kerosene oil.
Ques 2. Write equations for the reactions of
(i) iron with steam
(ii) calcium and potassium with water
Solution: The required equations are:
(i) 3Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) → Fe3O4 (aq) + 4H2 (g)
(ii) Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)+ H2 (g) + Heat
2K (s) + 2H2O (l) → 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + Heat
Ques 3. Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solution one by one. The results obtained have been tabulated in the book.
Use the Table above to answer the following questions about metals A, B, C and D.
(i) Which is the most reactive metal?
(ii) What would you observe if B is added to a solution of copper (II) sulphate?
(iii) Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in the order of decreasing reactivity.
Solution:
What we can know from the given data is that:
A + FeSO3 — No reaction. i.e., A is less reactive than iron
A + CuSO4 — Displacement. ie., A is more reactive than copper
B + FeSO4 — Displacement, ie., B is more reactive than iron
B + ZnSO4 — No reaction, ie., B is less reactive than zinc
C + FeSO4 — No reaction. ie., C is less reactive than iron
C + CuSO4 — No reaction, ie., C is less reactive than copper
C + ZnSO, — No reaction. ie., C is less reactive than zinc
C + AgNO3 — Displacement, i.e., C is more reactive than silver
D+ FeSO4/CuSO4/2nSO4/AgNO3 — No reaction. ie D is less reactive man iron, copper, zinc. and silver
Now, the required answers are:
(i) B is most reactive metal of all.
(ii) B will displace copper from copper sulphate.
(iii) B>A>C>D is the required order of decreasing reactivity.
Ques 4. Which gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal? Write the chemical reaction when iron reacts with dilute H2SO4.
Solution: Hydrogen gas is evolved when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to any reactive metal.
When iron reacts with dilute H2SO4, iron (II) sulphate with the evolution of hydrogen gas is formed.
It's equation is: Fe (s) H2SO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (aq) H2 (g)
Ques 5. What would you observe when zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate? Write the chemical reaction that takes place.
Solution: When the zinc is added to iron (II) sulphate ,then, it will displace the iron from iron sulphate solution.
This is shown in the chemical reaction below:
Zn (s) FeSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) Fe (s)
In Text questions NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science on Page No: 49
Ques 1. (i) Write the electron-dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium.(ii) Show the formation of Na2O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
(iii) What are the ions present in these compounds?
Solution: (i) The representation of elements with valence electrons as dots around the elements is referred to as electron-dot structure for elements.
(ii)
(iii) The ions present in compound Na2O are Na and O2- ions and in compound MgO are Mg2 and O2- ions.
Ques 2. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Solution: Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between their ions. As a result of which, it requires a lot of energy to overcome these forces. Hence, the ionic compounds have high melting points.
In Text questions NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science on Page No: 53
Ques 1. Define the following terms.
(i) Mineral (ii) Ore (iii) Gangue
Solution:
(i) Mineral: The naturally occurring compounds of elements are known as Mineral.
(ii) Ore: Minerals from which metals can be extracted profitably are known as ores.
(iii) Gangue: The impurities present in the ore such as sand, rocks etc are known as gangue.
Ques 2. Name two metals which are found in nature in the free state.
Solution: The metals at the bottom of the reactivity series are mostly found in free state.
For example: gold, silver.
Ques 3. What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide?
Solution: The chemical process used for obtaining a metal from its oxide is known as reduction. In this process, the metal oxides are reduced by using suitable reducing agents like carbon or by highly reactive metals to displace the metals from their oxides.
In Text questions NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science on Page No: 55
Ques 1. Metallic oxides of zinc, magnesium and copper were heated with the following metals(as in book).
In which cases will you find displacement reactions taking place?
Solution:
Ques 2. Which metals do not corrode easily?
Solution: As we know that more reactive a metal is, more likely it is to be corroded. Therefore, less reactive metals are less likely to get corroded. This is why gold plating provides high resistance to corrosion.
Ques 3. What are alloys?
Solution: Alloys are the homogeneous mixtures of two or more elements. These elements could be either two metals, or a metal and a non-metal.
Formation of an alloy:
An alloy is formed by first melting the metal and then dissolving the other elements in it.
example: steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science on Page No: 56
Exercise question and answers
Ques 1. Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions?(a) NaCl solution and copper metal
(b) MgCl2solution and aluminium metal
(c) FeSO4solution and silver metal
(d) AgNO3solution and copper metal.
Solution: (d) AgNO3solution and copper metal will give displacement reactions.
Ques 2. Which of the following methods is suitable for preventing an iron frying pan from rusting?
(a) Applying grease
(b) Applying paint
(c) Applying a coating of zinc
(d) all of the above.
Solution: (c) Applying a coating of zinc will prevent an iron frying pan from rusting.
Ques 3. An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be
(a) calcium
(b) carbon
(c) silicon
(d) iron
Solution: The answer is (a) calcium
Ques 4. Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because
(a) zinc is costlier than tin.
(b) zinc has a higher melting point than tin.
(c) zinc is more reactive than tin.
(d) zinc is less reactive than tin.
Solution: The answer is (c) zinc is more reactive than tin.
Ques 5. You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch.
(a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals?
(b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-metals.
Solution:
(a) With the hammer, we can beat the sample and if it can be beaten into thin sheets (that is, it is malleable), then it is a metal otherwise a non-metal. Similarly, we can use the battery, bulb, wires, and a switch to set up a circuit with the sample. If the sample conducts electricity, then it is a metal otherwise a non-metal.
(b) The above tests are useful in distinguishing between metals and non-metals as these are based only on the physical properties of metals and non-metals. Here, no chemical reactions are used in these tests.
Ques 6. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides.
Solution: Those oxides that behave as both acidic and basic oxides are called amphoteric oxides.
Examples are: zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
Ques 7. Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids, and two metals which will not.
Solution: As we know that metals that are more reactive than hydrogen displace it from dilute acids. For example: sodium and potassium. Metals that are less reactive than hydrogen do not displace it. For example: copper and silver will displace hydrogen.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science on Page No: 57
Ques 8. In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte?Solution: In the electrolytic refining of a metal M:
Anode → Impure metal M
Cathode → Thin strip of pure metal M
Electrolyte → Solution of salt of the metal M
Ques 9. Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube over it.
(a) What will be the action of gas on
(i) dry litmus paper?
(ii) moist litmus paper?
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place.
Solution: (a) (i) There will be no action on dry litmus paper.
(ii) The colour of litmus paper will turn red because sulphur is a non-metal and the oxides of non-metal are acidic in nature.
(b)
S +O2 -> SO2
SO2+H2O->H2SO3
Ques 10. State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
Solution: Two ways to prevent the rusting of iron are as follows:
- Oiling, greasing, or painting: By applying oil, grease, or paint, the surface becomes water proof and the moisture and oxygen present in the air cannot come into direct contact with iron. Hence, rusting is prevented.
- Galvanisation: An iron article is coated with a layer of zinc metal, which prevents the iron to come in contact with oxygen and moisture. Hence, rusting is prevented.
Ques 11. What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen?
Solution: When non-metals are combined with oxygen then neutral or acidic oxides are formed in final result.
Examples of acidic oxides are NO2, SO2 and examples of neutral oxides are NO, CO etc.
Ques 12. Give reasons
(a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
(b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
(c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils for cooking.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction.
Solution: (a) Platinum, gold, and silver are used to make jewellery because they are very lustrous. Also, they are very less reactive and do not corrode easily.
(b) Sodium, potassium, and lithium are very reactive metals and react very vigorously with air as well as water.Hence, they are kept immersed in kerosene oil in order to prevent their contact with air and moisture.
(c) Though aluminium is a highly reactive metal, it is resistant to corrosion. This is because aluminium reacts with oxygen present in air to form a thin layer of aluminium oxide. This oxide layer is very stable and prevents further reaction of aluminium with oxygen. Also, it is light in weight and a good conductor of heat. Hence, it is used to make cooking utensils.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction because metals can be easily extracted from their oxides rather than from their carbonates and sulphides.
Ques 13. You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels.
Solution: Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in air to form copper carbonate and as a result, copper vessel loses its shiny brown surface forming a green layer of copper carbonate. The citric acid present in the lemon or tamarind neutralises the basic copper carbonate and dissolves the layer. That is why, tarnished copper vessels are cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice to give the surface of the copper vessel its characteristic lustre.
Ques 14. Differentiate between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties.
Solution:
Chemical properties of metal:-
#Reaction with oxygen
Metals reacts with oxygen to form metal oxide.
#Reaction with water
When metal react with water it forms metal hydroxide or oxide.
#Reaction with dilute acid
Metals reacts with diluted acid to form metals salt and hydrogen gas.
#Reaction of metal with salt of other metal
When metal reacts with salt sol. of other less reactive metal it displaces it from salt sol. and separate it out.
#Reaction with hydrogen
Generally metals do not combines with hydrogen but fer more reactive metal like sodium , potassium , calcium and magnesium combines with hydrogen and forms metal hydride.
Chemical properties of non metals:-
#Reaction with oxygen
Non metals reacts with oxygen to form non metallic oxide.
#Reaction of non metal with water
There is no reaction b/w non metals and water.
#Reaction with dilute acide
There is non reaction b/w non metals and dilute acide.
#Reaction of non metal with other non metallic salt
During this reaction a more reactive non metal displaces less reactive non metal from its salt sol.
#Reaction of non metal with chlorine
Non metals reacts with chlorine to form non metallic chloride.
#Reaction with hydrogen
Non metal reacts with hydrogen to form non metallic hydrogen.
Ques 15. A man went door to door posing as a goldsmith. He promised to bring back the glitter of old and dull gold ornaments. An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to him which he dipped in a particular solution. The bangles sparkled like new but their weight was reduced drastically. The lady was upset but after a futile argument the man beat a hasty retreat. Can you play the detective to find out the nature of the solution he had used?
Solution: The solution he had used was Aqua regia. Aqua regia is Latin word which means ‘Royal Water’. It is the mixture of concentrated Hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid in the ratio of 3:1. It is capable of dissolving metals like Gold and Platinum. Since the outer layer of the gold bangles is dissolved in aqua regia so their weight was reduced drastically.
Ques 16. Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of iron).
Solution: Copper does not react with cold water, hot water, or steam. However, iron reacts with steam. If the hot water tanks are made of steel (an alloy of iron), then iron would react vigorously with the steam formed from hot water.
3Fe 4H2O → Fe3O4 H2O
Therefore, copper is used to make hot water tanks, and not steel.
Summing up CBSE NCERT solutions for Class 10 Science
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